Libertair, Direct, Democratisch

Libertair, Direct, Democratisch
Libertair, Direct, Democratisch
Leader	Jean-Marie Dedecker
Founded	2007
Split from	Open VLD
Headquarters	National Secretariat; Bellevue 5 ; 9050 Gent
Ideology	Libertarianism; National liberalism; Conservative liberalism; Right-wing populism; Euroscepticism;
Political position	Right-wing
European Parliament group	European Conservatives and Reformists (until 2014)
Colours	Blue and orange
Former names	Cassandra; Lijst Dedecker
Chamber of Representatives; (Flemish seats)	0 / 87
Senate; (Flemish seats)	0 / 35
Flemish Parliament	0 / 124
Brussels Parliament; (Flemish seats)	0 / 17
European Parliament; (Flemish seats)	0 / 12
Website
	www.ldd.be
	Politics of Belgium; Political parties; Elections;

Libertarian, Direct, Democratic (Dutch: Libertair, Direct, Democratisch; LDD) is a conservative-liberal,^[1] libertarian,^[1]^[2] right-wing populist^[4]^[5] Flemish political party in Belgium.

The party surprised commentators by winning five seats in the Chamber and one seat in the Senate in 2007, and eight seats in the 2009 Flemish Parliament election.^[7] The party remained with only one federal seat after the 2010 election. Previously known as List Dedecker, the party adopted its current name on 22 January 2011.

From 2011 to 2014, the LDD's MEP, Derk Jan Eppink, was with the European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR) group in the European Parliament.

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Nordsieck, Wolfram (2014). "Belgium". Parties and Elections in Europe. Archived from the original on 2 May 2019.
^ ^a ^b Traynor, Ian (8 June 2009). "David Cameron on track to form alliance of Eurosceptics". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 March 2011.
^ Herrmann, Ulrike (11 June 2007). "Belgien-Wahl: Eindämmung gescheitert". Die Tageszeitung. Retrieved 17 December 2022.
^ ^a ^b Cas Mudde; Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser (2012). Populism in Europe and the Americas: Threat Or Corrective for Democracy?. Cambridge University Press. p. 27. ISBN 978-1-107-02385-7. Retrieved 30 July 2013.
^ ^a ^b "Belgium—Political Parties". European Election Database (EED). Norwegian Centre for Research Data.
^ Pilet, Jean-Benoit; Brack, Nathalie (2009). "The European and Regional Elections of 7 June 2009" (PDF). European Parliament Election Briefing. 33. European Parties Elections and Referendums Network. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 July 2011. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ Hooghe, Marc; Marien, Sofie; Pauwels, Teun (September 2009). "Where do distrusting voters go to if there is no exit or voice option? The Impact of Political Trust on Party Choice in the Belgian Regional Elections of June 2009" (PDF). {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

[Nordsieck-1] Nordsieck, Wolfram (2014). "Belgium". Parties and Elections in Europe. Archived from the original on 2 May 2019.

[Traynor-2] Traynor, Ian (8 June 2009). "David Cameron on track to form alliance of Eurosceptics". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 March 2011.

[3] Herrmann, Ulrike (11 June 2007). "Belgien-Wahl: Eindämmung gescheitert". Die Tageszeitung. Retrieved 17 December 2022.

[MuddeKaltwasser2012-4] Cas Mudde; Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser (2012). Populism in Europe and the Americas: Threat Or Corrective for Democracy?. Cambridge University Press. p. 27. ISBN 978-1-107-02385-7. Retrieved 30 July 2013.

[nsd.uib.no-5] "Belgium—Political Parties". European Election Database (EED). Norwegian Centre for Research Data.

[6] Pilet, Jean-Benoit; Brack, Nathalie (2009). "The European and Regional Elections of 7 June 2009" (PDF). European Parliament Election Briefing. 33. European Parties Elections and Referendums Network. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 July 2011. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

[Where_do_distrusting_voters_go-7] Hooghe, Marc; Marien, Sofie; Pauwels, Teun (September 2009). "Where do distrusting voters go to if there is no exit or voice option? The Impact of Political Trust on Party Choice in the Belgian Regional Elections of June 2009" (PDF). {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]